Food for Thought

It takes a wise man to discover a wise man.

Diogenes


Personality Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, resulting in inflexibility and inefficiency. At least four of the following symptoms must be present:

  • Preoccupation with details
  • Rules and list to the extent that the point of the activity is lost
  • Perfectionism that interferes with task completion
  • Excessive devotion to work to the point of excluding leisure activities
  • Inflexibility about issues related to morals and values
  • Inability to throw out old and worthless objects
  • Reluctance to delegate to others unless they perform the duty in exactly the same manner
  • Miserliness with money or rigidity and stubbornness
 
Schizoid Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

Persons with this disorder evidence detachment and indifference to social relationships, as well as a restricted range of emotions. At least four of the following symptoms must be present:

  • The person does not want or enjoy close relationships
  • Almost always chooses solitary activities
  • Lacks interest in sexual activities
  • Enjoys few activities
  • Lacks close friends
  • Indifferent to praise or criticism
  • Appears cold and detached
 
Paranoid Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

It is characterized by a pervasive sense of distrust and suspicion, as well as a tendency to interpret the actions of others to be deliberately demeaning, threatening and malevolent. The disorder is evidenced by at least four of the following symptoms:

  • Suspecting that others are exploitative, harmful or deceptive
  • Doubting the loyalty of friends and fidelity of one's sexual partner
  • Inability to confide in others for fear that what is disclosed will be used against the person
  • Reading threatening meanings into benign comments
  • Perceiving attacks on one's character or persistently bearing grudges
 
Dependent Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

This disorder involves a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that results in submissive and clinging behaviors, difficulties making decisions, and fears of separation.  The person must exhibit five or more of the following:

  • Trouble making decisions without reassurance from others
  • Needing others to take care of major aspects of his or her life
  • Not disagreeing with others for fear of loss of approval
  • Trouble starting things on his or her own
  • Going to great lengths to obtain nurturance (e.g., volunteers for things that are unpleasant)
  • Feeling helpless when alone
  • Urgently seeking a new relationship when a close relationship ends
  • Preoccupation with the fear of being left on his or her own
 
Avoidant Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

This involves a pattern of social discomfort and inhibition, fear of and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, and feelings of inadequacy. Four or more of the following must be present:

  • The person avoids occupational activities that involve interpersonal contact due to fear of disapproval or rejection
  • Unwilling to become involved with others unless she or he is certain of being liked
  • Restrained in relationships because of fear of being ridiculed
  • Preoccupied with being rejected or criticized
  • Inhibited with others because of feelings of inadequacy
  • Sees her or himself as inferior to others
  • Reluctant to take personal risks for fear of embarrassment
 
Narcissistic Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

Essential features of this disorder involves a pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy. The person must exhibit at least five of the following symptoms:

  • A grandiose sense of self-importance
  • Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success
  • Need for excessive admiration
  • A sense of entitlement
  • Exploitative interpersonally
  • Lack of empathy
  • Jealousy of others and the belief that others are jealous of her of him, or arrogance
 
Borderline Personality Disorder PDF Print E-mail

This disorder involves a pattern of instability in mood, interpersonal relationships and self-image, as well as significant impulsiveness. At least five of the following symptoms must be present:

  • Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
  • Unstable and intense relationships involving idealization and devaluation
  • Unstable self-image
  • Impulsiveness
  • Suicidal behavior
  • Instability of affect
  • Feelings of emptiness
  • Difficulty controlling anger
  • Transient paranoid thoughts or dissociative symptoms